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During the Middle Ages, Zanzibar and other settlements on the Swahili Coast were advanced.
The littoral contained a number of autonomous trade cities.
Its historic centre is Stone Town, which is a World Heritage Site.
The name Zanzibar is derived from the Persian zang-bâr signifying "black coast".
Around 1571, Zanzibar became part of the western division of the Portuguese empire and was administered from Mozambique.
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Trade rapidly increased in importance and quantity beginning in the mid-8th century and by the close of the 10th century Zanzibar was one of the central Swahili trading towns. By the 13th century, houses were built with stone, and bonded with mud, and the 14th century saw the use of lime to bond stone.The first English ship to visit Unguja, the Edward Bonaventure in 1591, found that there was no Portuguese fort or garrison.The extent of their occupation was a trade depot where produce was purchased and collected for shipment to Mozambique.Excavations at nearby Pemba Island, but especially at Shanga in the Lamu Archipelago, provide the clearest picture of architectural development. Only the wealthier patricians would have had stone and lime built houses, the strength of the materials allowing for flat roofs, while the majority of the population lived in single-story thatched houses similar to those from the 11th and 12th centuries.
According to Tom Middleton and Mark Horton, the architectural style of these stone houses have no Arab or Persian elements, and should be viewed as an entirely indigenous development of local vernacular architecture.
Zanzibar remained a possession of Portugal for almost two centuries.
